{
  "slug": "1password",
  "category": "password-managers",
  "name": "1Password",
  "description": "Closed source password manager from AgileBits with end-to-end encrypted sync across desktop, mobile, browser and command-line apps.",
  "website": "https://1password.com",
  "license": null,
  "platforms": [],
  "jurisdiction": {
    "code": "CA",
    "name": "Canada",
    "eyes": "Five Eyes",
    "eu": false,
    "gdpr": false,
    "cloud_act": null
  },
  "pick": false,
  "pick_reason": null,
  "disclosure": null,
  "grade": "D",
  "score": 45,
  "coverage": 100,
  "summary": "1Password scores 45 out of 100 (grade D) on the password managers criteria. It meets 3 of 11 criteria: tells users about requests, end-to-end encrypted vault and full export. It partly meets no ads or data sales, independent audit, transparency report, TLS configuration and local or self-hosted option. It does not meet open source, no trackers or telemetry and security headers. It is based in Canada: Five Eyes member. Automated tests: SSL Labs grade B and Mozilla HTTP Observatory grade B-.",
  "url": "https://privacyratings.com/password-managers/1password/",
  "markdown": "https://privacyratings.com/password-managers/1password/index.md",
  "answers": {
    "open_source": {
      "title": "Open source",
      "weight": 3,
      "answer": "no",
      "evidence": null,
      "note": "Closed source."
    },
    "no_trackers": {
      "title": "No trackers or telemetry",
      "weight": 3,
      "answer": "no",
      "evidence": "https://1password.com/legal/privacy",
      "note": "The privacy policy says 1Password and its marketing partners use cookies and tracking technologies on its websites and products for analytics and advertising."
    },
    "no_ads": {
      "title": "No ads or data sales",
      "weight": 2,
      "answer": "partial",
      "evidence": "https://1password.com/legal/privacy",
      "note": "Funded by subscriptions, but the privacy policy says data shared with marketing partners may count as a sale or sharing of personal information."
    },
    "independent_audit": {
      "title": "Independent audit",
      "weight": 2,
      "answer": "partial",
      "evidence": "https://support.1password.com/security-assessments/",
      "note": "Recent penetration test reports are only available through the 1Password Trust Center. The public full reports are older than three years."
    },
    "transparency_report": {
      "title": "Transparency report",
      "weight": 2,
      "answer": "partial",
      "evidence": "https://1password.com/legal/law-enforcement",
      "note": "Publishes government request guidelines but no request counts."
    },
    "user_notice": {
      "title": "Tells users about requests",
      "weight": 1,
      "answer": "yes",
      "evidence": "https://1password.com/legal/law-enforcement",
      "note": "Seeks to notify users before disclosing data unless prohibited by law or where there is risk of harm."
    },
    "tls": {
      "title": "TLS configuration",
      "weight": 2,
      "answer": "partial",
      "evidence": "https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=1password.com&hideResults=on",
      "note": "Grade B"
    },
    "security_headers": {
      "title": "Security headers",
      "weight": 1,
      "answer": "no",
      "evidence": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/observatory/analyze?host=1password.com",
      "note": "Grade B- (65/100+)"
    },
    "web_standards": {
      "title": "Modern web standards",
      "weight": 1,
      "answer": "pending",
      "evidence": null,
      "note": "Not tested yet."
    },
    "e2ee_vault": {
      "title": "End-to-end encrypted vault",
      "weight": 3,
      "answer": "yes",
      "evidence": "https://support.1password.com/1password-security/",
      "note": "Vault data is end-to-end encrypted with keys derived from the account password and Secret Key."
    },
    "self_host_or_local": {
      "title": "Local or self-hosted option",
      "weight": 2,
      "answer": "partial",
      "evidence": "https://support.1password.com/export/",
      "note": "Vaults are stored only in the 1Password cloud. Data can be exported."
    },
    "export": {
      "title": "Full export",
      "weight": 1,
      "answer": "yes",
      "evidence": "https://support.1password.com/export/",
      "note": "Full export to the JSON-based 1PUX format, or CSV for logins and passwords."
    }
  },
  "tests": {
    "ssllabs": "B",
    "observatory": "B-",
    "internetnl_web": null,
    "internetnl_mail": null,
    "trackers": [],
    "tested_at": "2026-10-01T07:01:17.610Z"
  },
  "last_modified": "2026-10-01T07:44:20Z"
}