{
  "slug": "ubuntu",
  "category": "desktop-operating-systems",
  "name": "Ubuntu",
  "description": "A Debian-based Linux distribution developed by Canonical, with regular and long-term support releases for desktops, servers and cloud.",
  "website": "https://ubuntu.com",
  "source": "https://launchpad.net/ubuntu",
  "license": null,
  "platforms": [
    "linux"
  ],
  "jurisdiction": {
    "code": "GB",
    "name": "United Kingdom",
    "eyes": "Five Eyes",
    "eu": false,
    "gdpr": true,
    "cloud_act": "agreement"
  },
  "pick": false,
  "pick_reason": null,
  "disclosure": null,
  "grade": "D",
  "score": 40,
  "coverage": 100,
  "summary": "Ubuntu scores 40 out of 100 (grade D) on the desktop operating systems criteria. It meets 1 of 4 criteria: open source. It partly meets no ads or data sales. It does not meet no trackers or telemetry and independent audit. It is based in the United Kingdom: Five Eyes member; GDPR-style data protection law; CLOUD Act data access agreement with the US.",
  "url": "https://privacyratings.com/desktop-operating-systems/ubuntu/",
  "markdown": "https://privacyratings.com/desktop-operating-systems/ubuntu/index.md",
  "answers": {
    "open_source": {
      "title": "Open source",
      "weight": 3,
      "answer": "yes",
      "evidence": "https://canonical.com/legal/open-source-licences",
      "note": "Built from open source packages, with licences listed per package. Optional proprietary drivers are available."
    },
    "no_trackers": {
      "title": "No trackers or telemetry",
      "weight": 3,
      "answer": "no",
      "evidence": "https://canonical.com/legal/systems-information-notice",
      "note": "The website loads Google Tag Manager. Sharing system information with Canonical is offered during installation and at first login."
    },
    "no_ads": {
      "title": "No ads or data sales",
      "weight": 2,
      "answer": "partial",
      "evidence": "https://canonical.com/legal/data-privacy",
      "note": "Funded by Canonical's commercial services, and personal data is not sold. The package manager and login messages promote Canonical's paid Ubuntu Pro service."
    },
    "independent_audit": {
      "title": "Independent audit",
      "weight": 2,
      "answer": "no",
      "evidence": null,
      "note": "No independent audit is published."
    },
    "transparency_report": {
      "title": "Transparency report",
      "weight": 2,
      "answer": "n/a",
      "evidence": null,
      "note": "Only applies to hosted services with a website to test."
    },
    "user_notice": {
      "title": "Tells users about requests",
      "weight": 1,
      "answer": "n/a",
      "evidence": null,
      "note": "Only applies to hosted services with a website to test."
    },
    "tls": {
      "title": "TLS configuration",
      "weight": 2,
      "answer": "n/a",
      "evidence": null,
      "note": "Only applies to hosted services with a website to test."
    },
    "security_headers": {
      "title": "Security headers",
      "weight": 1,
      "answer": "n/a",
      "evidence": null,
      "note": "Only applies to hosted services with a website to test."
    },
    "web_standards": {
      "title": "Modern web standards",
      "weight": 1,
      "answer": "n/a",
      "evidence": null,
      "note": "Only applies to hosted services with a website to test."
    }
  },
  "tests": {
    "ssllabs": null,
    "observatory": null,
    "internetnl_web": null,
    "internetnl_mail": null,
    "trackers": [
      {
        "name": "Google AdSense",
        "host": "pagead2.googlesyndication.com",
        "effect": "no"
      },
      {
        "name": "Google Tag Manager",
        "host": "www.googletagmanager.com",
        "effect": "no"
      }
    ],
    "tested_at": "2026-10-01T06:38:35.476Z"
  },
  "last_modified": "2026-10-01T06:56:31Z"
}